Saint Nicholas Island Claimed

​Saint Nicholas Island, or Agios Nikolaos, is a serene islet nestled in the harbor of Gaios, the capital of Paxos. Despite its modest size, this island holds a significant place in the island’s history, primarily due to the imposing Castle of Saint Nicholas that crowns its summit. Constructed in the 15th century, the castle stands as a testament to the island’s strategic importance and its enduring legacy.​

Historical Overview

The construction of the Castle of Saint Nicholas commenced in 1423 under the direction of Baron Adam II San Ippolito, following approval from the Venetian Senate. The primary objective was to fortify the island against pirate incursions and Ottoman threats. The project reached completion in 1510, as inscribed on the fortress gate.

In 1484, the barony transitioned to the Venetian State, which subsequently sold it in 1513 to the Corfiot noble Ioannis Avramis for 3,600 ducats. Avramis’s heavy taxation led to a significant exodus of Paxos residents to Turkey and nearby uninhabited islands.

The castle underwent significant modifications in 1510, influenced by designs attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, as discovered by architect Roberto Veneri in Venetian. These alterations included a reduction in size and a relocation of the main entrance from the northeast to the northwest.​

Throughout its history, the castle played pivotal roles during various conflicts. In 1537 and again in 1571, Turkish forces attacked Paxos, leading to widespread devastation. Later, during the French occupation in the early 19th century, the castle was repaired and fortified, with ramps added to facilitate the movement of cannons.​

Architectural Features

Perched at an elevation of 45 meters, the Castle of Saint Nicholas offers panoramic views of Paxos and its surroundings. Visitors entering the fortress encounter a spacious courtyard encircled by a low circular wall. Flanking this area are the remnants of two-story barracks, from which soldiers once defended the stronghold.​

Central to the courtyard is a well-preserved Venetian round cistern, complemented by a later English square cistern, both of which supplied water to the castle’s inhabitants. Three ramps lead to the bastions, where cannons were strategically positioned. Additional structures include a gunpowder magazine, an observatory, and two towers of uncertain origin, one of which likely served as a prison.​

Notably, elements of ancient Greek masonry are visible within the castle’s foundations, suggesting that the Venetians incorporated existing structures into their fortifications, a common practice aimed at conserving resources.​

The Island Today

Saint Nicholas Island spans approximately 150 acres, with over 90% owned by the Municipality of Paxos. In the early 1930s, local educator Nikos Boikos spearheaded an initiative to plant trees across the island, transforming it into a verdant haven. Today, the island is recognized for its natural beauty and is under state protection.

Access to the island is restricted to prevent potential fire hazards. Visitors can reach it only by boat, crossing a narrow 40-meter-wide channel, and must obtain special permission from the Municipality of Paxos. The island’s jetty, dating back to the Venetian era, and the path leading through the pine forest to the castle remain intact.

Visiting Information

• • Access: By boat from Gaios harbor; special permission required from the Municipality of Paxos.

• • Restrictions: Public access is limited to prevent fire risks.

• • Preserved Structures: Gunpowder magazine, Venetian and English cisterns, observatory, barracks, and cannons.

• • Natural Features: Pine forest planted in the 1930s, offering scenic views and a tranquil environment.​

• • For more detailed information and to request access, please contact the Municipality of Paxos or visit the official cultural website: Paxos Culture.​

Source: Castle of Saint Nicholas